Rethinking Position

Rickson once said he admires Nino Schembri for “how he looks at positions in new ways”. (He also might not have said that. The quote is probably inaccurate since I read it years ago and can’t find the source any more.)

That idea stuck with me. As a beginner at the time it struck me, “How many ways can you think about a position? When is mount not just mount? When is guard not guard?” Those questions have become a kind of mind-clearing Zen koan. It opened me up to thinking about a lot of things in new ways and a lot of good has come from it.

What happens when I think of mount as “guard from the top?” I get omoplatas.

What happens if I think of leglocks as a part of open guard? I use them as sweeps and don’t sacrifice position to get them.

What if I look for the harness grip and not just rear mount and two hooks? I can attack the back from everywhere.

What if I see how long I can hold on to an armbar or triangle position without finishing the submission? I see how people will try to escape while learning how to control them and transition to other moves.

It is true about Nino, even if I got the Rickson quote wrong (or made it up in a fever dream). You see this in his DVD. Nino isn’t content to simply use the omoplata as a sweep or submission like the rest of us. He camps out there. He meets the locals and takes in the sights. He can maintain it and control them despite their efforts to escape. He’s got a array of alternative ways to finish them. Sometimes he treats it like the crucifix and attacks the neck. Other times he attacks the far arm, simply using omoplata as his basecamp to launch attacks. Hanging off them with his leg tangled around an arm is a desirable and perfectly normal spot for him.

Look at other innovators and you’ll see something similar. They found a position (or a few) that they liked. It could have been part of something we already know, something they invented, or something they stole from wrestling. It worked for them and so they kept at it and figured out the elements that made it tick. They reduced these down to concepts and principles (or at least absorbed an understanding of these into their head somewhere). They learned the control points, where to grip, how to adjust, the leverage, timing, momentum, etc. They found how to get to it from other positions and fit it into their game. And maybe this new positions leads them to more new ones and further innovation.

My personal pet project has been the reverse omoplata (seen here).

People complain that it’s too complicated and hard and has too many steps, that it only works no-gi (or gi, depending on who you ask), that you couldn’t get it on someone experienced, that it doesn’t work on someone bigger or stronger, that you have to rely on speed and surprise… Et cetera.

They’re all wrong.

But they are a little less wrong if they don’t really take the time to get good at it and learn how to deal with those potential issues, which is like saying the secret to success is success, but let me explain.

I learned the reverse omoplata on my first no-gi class ever. That was about 4 weeks into training. My instructor gave a little talk after people huffed and shook their heads while he was demonstrating it. “I know you’re all looking at this and thinking it’d never work,” he said. “But ask any of the brown belts and they’ll tell you I get this on them all the time.”

Being the naive and pure-hearted white belt I was, I took it on good faith and drilled it like any other technique. It wasn’t any more confusing than anything else at the time since I was still trying to wrap my head around the upa escape and scissors sweep. It was just another technique to learn and drill and try out.

While doing so, I ran into all of the complaints people had about it.

Is it really too hard? Well, each step makes sense by itself so it also makes sense that they stay good when you string them together.

It is complicated and has a lot of steps. How will I remember them all? If each step makes sense and I drill it enough to have them down smooth, it’s not an issue.

Does it work on a bigger, stronger guy? Yes, you just need to make sure you are doing everything right and know a few ways to deal with their attempts to power out.

Can they slip out no-gi? Yes, they’re always slippier no-gi, but there are ways to keep it tight.

Can they use the gi to defend it? Yes, but you can still deal with that.

Does it rely on speed? Can I do it slowly? Yes, I can break down each part of the technique, each moment in the roll, and pause there and know what to grip and how to control them. In fact, doing it slower is often the better way to do it, since you have more control and can force it on a big guy.

Can I keep getting someone with it even after they’ve seen it a few times and been taught how to avoid it? Yes, if my timing, position, strategy and technique are good.

Can I get it on experienced guys? After all that work, I’ve gotten it on people of every skill level that I’ve gone with. In fact, I often get it on experienced guys who know to defend the standard positions and submissions but don’t know how to deal with me somersaulting around one of their arms instead of taking their back.

What I did wasn’t any special process. I just drilled and trained and thought about it a lot. I went for it in sparring and experimented with good training partners who wanted to learn it too. I went to my instructor for advice and to ask questions when I had problems. I checked out how other people do it and tried to figure out why they changed parts. I looked for the concepts and principles that make it work. I simplified how I think and talk about it till I could teach it to a white belt and have him doing it in a minute or two.

And now it’s one of my best moves.

The morals here are nothing earth-shattering, but they’re good ones:

Look at old things in new ways. Look at novel things and see how they make sense.

Training Hard, Training Smart and Having Fun

Check out the discussion of Three Rules for Good Jiu-Jitsu. This post stems from that discussion and others elsewhere on the internet.

The two main arguments are that “train smart” and “have fun” are more important than “train hard”. And there is truth to that, but it also depends on how you look at it.

If you don’t enjoy training, you’re not likely going to stick to it, but you have to be careful about how you define “fun” and how much priority you give “fun” things. When I see people who are too intent on “having fun”, they’re more prone to indulging in things like this:

  • Going with white belts they can toy with.
  • Not working on their weaknesses.
  • Ducking people who will make them work or give them a hard time.
  • Only doing enough reps to “get the idea”.
  • Stopping training to discuss something that happened.
  • Complaining about going with bigger or stronger guys.
  • Quitting when they get tired.

On the other end, there are a lot of things that aren’t fun but are necessary. To name a few:

  • High rep drilling.
  • Pushing your conditioning and endurance.
  • Sparring even when you’re exhausted.
  • Having competitive matches with guys who give you a lot of trouble.
  • Getting put in really bad positions and having to fight out.
  • Learning to deal with being smothered and crushed.
  • Dealing with that spazzy white belt or that tireless wrestler or heavier opponent.

Those aren’t “fun” to most people (congratulations if they are to you). I know people who purposely avoid some of those things. Now it’s perfectly within your rights to disdain things you don’t find fun or not do something that you think will get you injured. But I know my personality and know I’m prone to avoiding hard work, don’t like being competitive, don’t like discomfort (who does?) so unless I really keep my discipline in and train hard, I’ll do too much of the stuff in the first list and not enough in the second.

jandaim on The Grapplers Guide forum posted this:

I think what some people are missing is that you can still have fun, enjoy yourself, and train hard.

As an example – I train for and compete in marathons. Let me tell you, to get to the point where you can run 26 miles takes a ton of hard work. If I took every training mile like a “flow roll” there is no way I would ever reach my goal. Does that mean I don’t have any fun training? Of course not. Does that mean that every run is at 100%? Nope, I take days off and run some runs at a very easy pace just to get the blood flowing. But the majority of the time, I am working hard.

To be honest, it’s the hard work that I put in that makes it fun and the rewards are more than just a good time – there is so much more to be gained than just that.

Many people prefer “train smart” because they think “train hard” means “get injured” and I’ve got a story about that.

Recently I took about 2 months off. When I came back, I was a little out of shape and I didn’t want stress myself out or get injured. So I rolled light, played a relaxed game, let stuff happen, didn’t go with big guys, called it a night when I got exhausted, etc. Just tried to train smart and have fun.

Yet in two weeks of doing that, I sprained my ankle, hurt my knee, hurt my back, popped my elbow and injured my neck/shoulder. I never even knew how it happened. I thought I was going light and not pushing myself too hard and then I’d end the night with a new injury.

So much for training smart and having fun.

When I talked to Leo about it, he said something funny. “If you’re going to get injured, you might as well go hard and beat people while you’re at it.”

So I started rolling with a focus on imposing my game, really working, not resting, not “taking it easy”, doing matches even when I was beat, not turning down anyone. Grabbing the bigger guys and fighting them when I would have avoided them before.

Here’s the interesting part: I’m not getting injured any more. And I’ve found myself having more real fun based on real performance.

You’ll all have your own experiences and personalities and semantics to deal with on this issue, but for me training smart means to train hard. The fun is in the performance and seeing myself improve.

What takes the most importance to you–smart, hard or fun? Can you have them all? Leave a comment and let me know what you think.

Three Rules for Good Jiu-Jitsu

Eduardo has three rules for good jiu-jitsu:

  1. Train hard.
  2. Eat right.
  3. Sleep well.

That’s it.

Let’s assume you have quality instruction already. (If you don’t, you’ve got other issues). You can fuss over the details: what and how to study, gi or no-gi, drilling versus sparring, top game or bottom first, basic versus advanced and so on into infinity. But whatever combination of those you choose, you can’t get away from needing to put in serious, focused time on the mat and racking up training hours. That’s a no-brainer, yet people still miss it while searching for the secret easy path to success.

Diet is always important but especially when you’re an athlete (and that’s what you’ve become if you’re training hard). Nutrition is well researched and there’s a wealth of information out there. I’ll leave it to you to find what’s right for your body.

The importance of sleep is easy to overlook (which is why I asked if you’re getting enough). Your body needs time to rest and recover after working out. But there’s also a mental aspect that you may not be aware of but that scientists are learning more about. The superb radio program Radiolab (iTunes) did a show on sleep that you should listen to. It explains the topic better than I can. Scientific American Mind also has good articles and podcasts on sleep and its effects on learning:

If you want to discuss the details of “the secret easy path to success”, or if you have any more good sources on nutrition and sleep, leave a comment or send me a message.

Level of Detail

This is a useful yet very nerdy analogy that’s aided me when I’m teaching. It may help you when you’re trying to explain a new or complex technique to someone that you are worried won’t get it.

In video game programming, the level of detail of an object decreases as it moves further away and increases as you get closer. When something is partially concealed, they only render what you can see. Programmers can get away with this because they figure you won’t need every detail when something is far enough away (or not even in sight) and you can’t tell the difference.

You’ve likely seen this if you play video games. A tree across the map is just a blotch of green, then as you run forward it turns into a lumpy green pyramid, then it gets branches and finally it’s a complete tree. Or you see the tip of spaceship sticking out from around a corner, but as far as the game is concerned, that’s all there is to it and it’s not worth dealing with the rest yet.

Where this applies to teaching is in figuring out how much to simplify and when to add greater detail and complexity. When someone is a beginner or new to a technique, you can overload them by showing every detail and variation and counter and re-counter. These will be ignored or forgotten since they don’t have any foundation of experience to build on.

So what you do is scale it back. Teach them a simplified version of the technique. Give them the bare bones to start getting a feel for it. It may not be “the best” way to do the move but it’s what they’ve got to learn before they can process more details. Once they’ve got that level, move up to the next and flesh it out further.

Think of the students brain as a computer processor. It can only handle so much at once. You’ve got to give it the most important information first and make sure it’s in chewable amounts, otherwise it overloads and chokes. Start simple and ramp it up as needed.

You can visualize it by taking a technique and making an abstraction of it. Imagine there is an perfect way to do a move, in a Platonic idealism sense. Now imagine your perfect technique as an object, a sphere. You could have a progression of increasingly accurate representations, like this:

Levels of detail

(These spheres also lends themselves to a diamond polishing metaphor: you’re starting with a crude rock and through progressive refining and polishing you get the desired form.)

To give a specific example of this concept, look at how an armbar from mount is taught to a beginner versus how it’s done by someone with experience. With the beginner, you have their training partner stick their arms straight up into them. The beginner posts both hands on the chest, slides a knee up to the head, steps up with his other leg, stands to pass his leg over the head and falls back with the arm.

Is anyone with experience going to straighten both their arms like that? Are you going to want to be that loose and slow when you spin around the arm? Are you going to get that high to pass your leg over the head? No, but that doesn’t matter. At this point the beginner is still just learning the gross body movements and how to shift his weight and move his hips. Once he gets that, you can do a second pass and clean up the technique, making it tighter, smoother or faster and adding details.

A personal example is the difference between how I teach the reverse omoplata and how I do it. It wouldn’t make sense and they’d get information overload if I showed them my way. Instead I teach a simpler version first. That gets them familiar with it. They’ll have success with it for a bit but they’ll also start running into problems. Now that they have experience with it, I can give more details and they’ll see where they fit in, whereas before they wouldn’t have had the proper context.

What you started with and what you ended with may be very different beasts and yet they are fundamentally the same move, based on the same principles. What got you there was working up through lower levels of detail and complexity until you’re as close to the “ideal technique” as you can be.

Image from Level of Detail (Wikipedia).

Questions to Ask Yourself and Things to Try

This list is a tool I made to help keep myself motivated. It’s split into two parts: questions to ask yourself and things to try. Together they give you something to be thoughtful and introspective about and something to get out there and do. The idea is to turn to it each week (or when you’re in a slump) and see if it can’t help you improve.

Try this:

Pick out a random question and give it serious thought. Be objective and honest with yourself. Write down your answer if you need to. Did you have any new ideas?

Pick a random thing to try. Follow the instructions as well as you can. Write notes on how it went. Did you learn anything new?

If you type up your answers to the questions or if you have an interesting experience trying one of the ideas, tell me about it here in the comments or by email.

Questions to Ask Yourself

How good is your hip movement on the bottom?

What part of your game needs the most work?

What position gives you the most trouble?

What do you need to improve next?

How good is your posture in guard?

How can you improve your diet?

Are you getting enough sleep?

Is there a move you “should know” that still gives you trouble?

How well can you open the closed guard?

What is your favorite position?

What submission do you have the most trouble escaping?

Do you keep fighting from your back when you could get to your knees?

Are you confident with your closed guard?

Could you keep playing the same game if you were less athletic?

How much of your current game will stay the same as you age?

Are you confident with your open guard?

What positions do you avoid that you shouldn’t?

What moves can you do on one side but not the other?

How many rounds can you go before you’re gassed?

If your armbar fails, where do you go from there?

Are your legs really too short for the triangle or are your mechanics off?

Do you do something that goes “against the rules” (e.g. submissions from bad positions)?

What was the last submission you got caught with?

What causes you the most frustration?

Are you ashamed to pull guard?

Do you train takedowns enough?

Can you do your favorite throw while moving in different directions?

Do you prefer to pass from knees or standing?

How good are your standing guard passes?

If you had to start over, what would you do differently?

Are you making the best use of your training time?

Are there “basic” moves you wish you were better at?

Are there moves you never tried because you worried they were “too advanced”?

How can you use less strength?

How can you use less flexibility?

How confident are you with the gi?

How confident are you without the gi?

How different are your gi and no-gi games?

Are you aggressive enough?

Are you relaxed enough?

Are you too passive?

Are you too defensive?

What parts of your game could you simplify?

What submissions do you never try?

Have you surprised yourself lately?

If your triangle fails, what’s your backup plan?

Why didn’t you do karate instead?

Do you hold your breath when you shouldn’t?

Do you know of a black belt with your body type to watch?

Do you use the omoplata much?

Do you have a favorite finish from each position?

Whose guard do you really admire?

What does your belt mean to you?

Why are you afraid of competing?

Are you still worried about self defense?

How good are your headlock escapes?

Is your guard “too open” and loose?

Do you have a “go to” move for each guard you use?

What’s your main attack from mount?

What is your worst skill?

How do you measure your performance?

How much have you improved in the last six months?

Where would you like to be in 6 months?

Do you really want to compete?

Can you visualize moves and positions as simple geometry?

Do you use the americana much?

How often do you get the cross collar choke from guard?

How good are your side control escapes?

How far can you push your endurance?

What is your proudest moment?

What do you regret?

How many of the people that started with you are still training?

Do you remember what it was like to be a white belt?

What would be the simplest and quickest move from each position?

Are you overlooking simpler solutions?

Do you do moves just because they look cool?

What is a “basic” technique?

How do you define the fundamentals?

Would doing things differently be wrong or just different?

Is there a move you always wished you could do better?

Are there moves you just never seem to remember when you need them?

How do you keep yourself motivated?

Are the health risks worth it?

Do you drill moves on both sides?

Do you really need that many instructionals?

Do you try a move in sparring the same day you drilled it?

Do you find drilling boring?

Do you put in enough repetitions?

How is your half guard?

Do you just stall in certain positions?

Are you always looking for the finish?

Do you worry that lower belts are catching up to you?

Is there something you always wished you were better at?

What part of competing makes you most nervous?

How can the last technique you learned fit into your game?

Do you have one really good training partner to work one-on-one with?

Do you need private lessons?

What sweeps and submissions go together?

What part of the mental game do you need to improve?

How do you deal with anxiety?

Are you afraid of losing?

Things to Try

Pick just one submission to focus on for a week.

Concentrate on how your hips are moving while sparring.

Find a way to make your hips as heavy as possible while passing.

Drill a sweep you didn’t like the first time you learned it.

Take two different positions and figure out how to transition between them.

Pick one position and work on it for a month.

Try a new move today.

Pick a move you don’t use enough and drill it before class for a week.

Draw a diagram of a move that explains its mechanics.

Write down how to do the last move you learned with as much detail as possible.

Draw a flowchart of the positions you use and how you transitions between them.

Try a new move just because it looks fun.

Almost let a white belt tap you today.

See how long you can hold a “strange” position while sparring.

Let people pass your guard so you can work on your escapes.

Pick your least favorite position and work on it.

Teach your favorite move to someone who doesn’t know it.

Put together a three move combination and drill it.

Fight from top as much as possible for a week.

Don’t close your guard in sparring today.

Find a “fancy” move and see if it really is that fancy.

Drill the escapes to the last submission you got caught in.

Make a combination of three guard passes that have you go over, under and around the legs.

Ask a lower belt for his perspective on something.

Try to stand up from guard more often.

Try to take the back from everywhere.

Watch and study higher belts sparring.

Figure out how much your game changes with and without the gi.

Stretch before and after training.

Play guard as much as possible for a week.

Replay a round of sparring in your head as you’re going to sleep.

“Steal” a good move from someone else.

Coach two white belts against each other.

Make your intentions obvious and see if you can still get the move.

Focus on controlling your breathing.

Set a faster pace than normal.

Set a slower pace than normal.

Move slowly and deliberately while sparring today.

Move fast and light with sparring today.

See how long you can hold mount.

See how many transitions you can do in one round.

Find a high level competitor with your body type and try to emulate him.

Stop halfway through a move and see how long you can maintain control.

Try a dumb move today.

Spar with your eyes closed.

Try sparring two people at once.

Hold knee-on-belly for as long as you can in sparring today.

Stand to pass guard this week.

Don’t use one of your arms today.

Work on your rear mount escapes.

Try holding side control on a balance ball to develop pressure.

Compare where you are now to where you were 6 months ago.

Try not using your arms at all while sparring today.

Drill level changes and penetration steps today.

Take a minute to do as many repetitions of the armbar from mount as possible.

Do a full round of sparring from under side control.

Train transitions instead of positions.

Figure out a way to improve your scramble.

Draw a picture of how you think of a certain movement.

Pick the toughest person at your gym and spar with them.

Only use moves you learned as a white belt today.

Put in extra repetitions on your bad side.

Be single-minded in going for what you learned and drilled in class today.

Fine tune your chokes with feedback from your training partner.

See how long you can hold the triangle position without finishing the submission.

Put yourself in submissions and see if you can get out.

Approach old moves like they’re completely new to you.

Concept Map – Positions

Earlier this year, I thought it’d be an interesting experiment to start drawing concept or mind maps for BJJ. Last week, I finally got a white board and tonight I took my first crack at sketching.

P9160238

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This map is made up of four large sections: guard, top, escapes and passing. The red arrows represent the general flow and objective between them. Within these sections are the main positions I use or find myself in. These are connected by lines that show the most common transitions. Notes are in blue.

My plan is to reevaluate and redraw the map each week or month. It’ll be neat to see how to evolves over time.